壹:學生易錯詞匯
1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數用is , 復數用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數用has , 復數用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數用there is , 復數用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什麽) who (誰) where (哪裏) whose (誰的) why(為什麽)when(什麽時候)which(哪壹個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級詳解
當我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結構通常是:
什麽 + 動詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什麽 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比妳更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (壹只大象比壹只老虎更大.)
形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎上變化而來的,它的變化規則是:
① 壹般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e結尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫最後的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆註意☆ 比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西.
典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發比妳更長.)
比較的兩者是我的頭發,妳(整個人),那麽比較的對象就沒有可比性.
應該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
比較級專項練習: 壹,從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River
(2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm.
(3) How are your feet I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish It's 2kg.
三:動詞過去式詳解
動詞的過去式的構成規則有:
A,規則動詞
① 壹般直接在動詞的後面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (註意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬於此類)
④ 雙寫最後壹個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B,不規則動詞(此類詞並無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
四:動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:
① 壹般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最後壹個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五:人稱代詞與物主代詞
壹、人稱代詞
人稱 單數 復數
主格 賓格 主格 賓格
第壹人稱 I me we us
第二人稱 you you you you
第三人稱 he him they them
she her
it it
二、物主代詞
數
人稱
類別 單數 復數
第壹
人稱 第二
人稱 第三
人稱 第壹
人稱 第二人稱 第三
人稱
形容詞性物主代詞 my your his her its our your their
名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
漢語 我的 妳的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 妳們的 他（她、它）們的
六:句型專項歸類
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆註意☆ 小結:否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 "not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be後面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 壹般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上壹個助動詞(do,does,did),然後在它後面加上"not",妳也可以把它們縮寫在壹起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個助動詞要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中"does"只用於壹般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用於壹般過去時,不論主語是什麽人稱和數,都用"did" .
3,壹般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.
如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).
Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆註意☆ 小結:壹般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上,
①把動詞be調到首位,其他照寫,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.
②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上壹個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在後面的動詞變回原形,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.
這三個助動詞也要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中"does"只用於壹般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用於壹般過去時,不論主語是什麽人稱和數,都用"did" .壹般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要壹致,即問句裏的第壹個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句裏的這個詞是壹致的.
4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子.此類句子應該問什麽就答什麽,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:
What is this It's a computer.
What does he do He's a doctor.
Where are you going I'm going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike.
Which season do you like best Summer.
When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this It's Amy's.
Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees.
How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他壹些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.
☆小結:how many 用來提問可數名詞的數量,主要有以上三種句式搭配,
How many + 名詞復數 + do you have 妳有多少……
How many + 名詞復數 + can you see 妳能看見多少……
How many + 名詞復數 + are there… 有多少……
七:完全,縮略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not
總結:通常情況下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not)
八:小學英語詞匯不完全歸類表
學習用品(school things):pen鋼筆pencil鉛筆 pencil-case鉛筆盒 ruler尺子 book書 bag包 comic book漫畫書 post card明信片 newspaper報紙 schoolbag書包 eraser橡皮 crayon蠟筆 sharpener卷筆刀 story-book故事書 notebook筆記本 Chinese book語文書 English book英語書 math book數學書 magazine雜誌 dictionary詞典
人體(body):foot腳 head頭 face臉 hair頭發 nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 arm手臂 hand手 finger手指 leg腿 tail尾巴
顏色(colours):red紅 blue藍 yellow黃 green綠 white白 black黑 pink粉紅 purple紫orange橙brown棕
動物(animals):cat貓 dog狗 pig豬 duck鴨 rabbit兔 horse馬 elephant大象 ant螞蟻 fish魚 bird鳥 eagle鷹 beaver海貍 snake蛇 mouse老鼠 squirrel松鼠 kangaroo袋鼠 monkey猴 panda熊貓 bear熊 lion獅子 tiger老虎 fox狐貍 zebra斑馬 deer鹿 giraffe長頸鹿 goose鵝 hen母雞 turkey火雞 lamb小羊 sheep綿羊 goat山羊 cow奶牛 donkey驢 squid魷魚 lobster龍蝦 shark鯊魚seal海豹sperm whale抹香鯨killer whale虎鯨
人物(people):friend朋友 boy男孩 girl女孩 mother母親 father父親 sister姐妹 brother兄弟 uncle叔叔;舅舅 man男人 woman女人 Mr.先生 Miss小姐 lady女士;小姐 mom媽媽 dad爸爸 parents父母 grandparents祖父母 grandma/grandmother(外)祖母 grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父 aunt姑姑 cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹 son兒子 daughter女兒 baby嬰兒 kid小孩 classmate同學 queen女王 visitor參觀者 neighbour鄰居 principal校長 university student大學生 pen pal筆友 tourist旅行者 people人物 robot機器人
職業(jobs):teacher教師 student學生 doctor醫生 nurse護士 driver司機 farmer農民 singer歌唱家 writer作家 actor男演員 actress女演員 artist畫家 TV reporter電視臺記者 engineer工程師 accountant會計 policeman(男)警察 salesperson銷售員 cleaner清潔工 baseball player棒球運動員 assistant售貨員 police警察
食品,飲料(food & drink):rice米飯 bread面包 beef牛肉 milk牛奶 water水 egg蛋 fish魚 tofu豆腐 cake蛋糕 hot dog熱狗 hamburger漢堡包 French fries炸薯條 cookie曲奇 biscuit餅幹 jam果醬 noodles面條 meat肉 chicken雞肉 pork豬肉 mutton羊肉 vegetable蔬菜 salad沙拉 soup湯 ice冰 ice-cream冰淇淋 Coke可樂 juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡 breakfast早餐 lunch午餐 dinner/supper晚餐 meal壹餐
水果,蔬菜(fruit & vegetables):apple蘋果 banana香蕉 pear梨 orange橙 watermelon西瓜 grape葡萄 eggplant茄子 green beans青豆 tomato西紅柿 potato土豆 peach桃 strawberry草莓 cucumber黃瓜 onion洋蔥 carrot胡蘿蔔 cabbage卷心菜
衣服(clothes):jacket夾克衫 shirt襯衫 T-shirt丅恤衫 skirt短裙子 dress連衣裙 jeans牛仔褲 pants長褲 socks襪子 shoes鞋子 sweater毛衣 coat上衣 raincoat雨衣 shorts短褲 sneakers網球鞋 slippers拖鞋 sandals涼鞋 boots靴子 hat(有沿的)帽子 cap便帽 sunglasses太陽鏡 tie領帶scarf圍巾gloves手套trousers褲子cloth布
交通工具(vehicles):bike自行車 bus公***汽車 train火車 boat小船 ship輪船 yacht快艇 car小汽車 taxi出租車 jeep吉普車 van小貨車;面包車 plane/airplane飛機 subway/underground地鐵 motor cycle摩托車
雜物(other things): window窗戶 door門 desk課桌 chair椅子 bed床 computer計算機 board寫字板 fan風扇 light燈 teacher's desk講臺 picture圖畫;照片 wall墻壁 floor地板 curtain窗簾 trash bin垃圾箱 closet壁櫥 mirror鏡子 end table床頭櫃 football/soccer足球 present禮物 walkman隨身聽 lamp臺燈 phone電話 sofa沙發 shelf書架 fridge冰箱 table桌子 TV電視 air-conditioner空調 key鑰匙 lock鎖 photo照片 chart圖表 plate盤子 knife刀 fork叉 spoon勺子 chopsticks筷子 pot鍋 gift禮物 toy玩具 doll洋娃娃 ball球 balloon氣球 kite風箏 jigsaw puzzle拼圖遊戲 box盒子 umbrella傘 zipper拉鏈 violin小提琴 yo-yo溜溜球 nest鳥窩 hole洞 tube管子 toothbrush牙刷 menu菜單 e-card電子卡片 e-mail電子郵件 traffic light交通燈 money錢 medicine藥
地點(locations):home家 room房間 bedroom臥室 bathroom衛生間 living room起居室 kitchen廚房 classroom教室 school學校 park公園 library圖書館 post office郵局 police office警察局 hospital醫院 cinema電影院 bookstore書店 farm農場 zoo動物園 garden花園 study書房 playground操場 canteen食堂 teacher's office教師辦公室 library圖書館 gym體育館 washroom衛生間 art room繪畫教室 computer room計算機教室 music room音樂教室 TV room電視機房 flat公寓 company公司 factory工廠 fruit stand水果攤 pet shop寵物商店 nature park自然公園 theme park主題公園 science museum科學博物館 the Great Wall長城 supermarket超市 bank銀行 country國家 village鄉村 city城市 hometown家鄉 bus stop公交車站
課程(classes): sports體育運動 science科學 Moral Education思想品德課 Social Studies社會課 Chinese語文 math數學 PE體育課 English英語課
國家,城市(countries & cities): China/PRC中國 America/USA美國 UK聯合王國 England英國 Canada/CAN加拿大 Australia澳大利亞 New York紐約 London倫敦 Sydney悉尼 Moscow莫斯科 Cairo開羅
氣象(weather): cold寒冷的 warm溫暖的 cool涼爽的 snowy下雪的 sunny晴朗的 hot炎熱的 rainy下雨的 windy有風的 cloudy多雲的 weather report天氣預報